Understanding rural-urban linkage and its impacts

Rural-Urban linkage been a movement of people from either urban to village or village to town areas, has both negative and positive environmental and social impacts to people and community at large.

Rural-urban linkage according to oxford dictionary refer to the interaction or relationship between the rural and urban areas, According to UNHSP those relationship can be done through different theories like spatial system theory. That is if any countries want to benefit from any development it must consider the linkage between rural and urban sectors. The urban sectors are attractive because of transparency facilities, and other services. While in rural areas they provide foods, raw materials, provision of labor and it contribute to Growth Development Product {G.D.P}.

The aspect of rural urban linkage include social linkage, economic linkage and population linkage, And in such linkage the government should look at signal character like trade, exchange of goods and services and exchange of money, market system, transportation, agriculture system, mining sector, industrial sector and pastoralist; because the two sectors depend one another that is to say urban sector depend more in rural areas also rural area depend more on urban area. But this linkage led to different effect in both rural and urban development which may be positive or negative ones;

The following are the effects of rural urban linkage to the process of both rural and urban development, whereby in social linkage include interaction and social relation with sharing of ideas, services and knowledge. It creates the social interaction of both people of both from rural area to urban areas. Again in economic linkage means an interaction of economic function where by urban areas centers for economic in terms of market, producing goods for sell because of presence of industries, in other hand it link together producers and customers. In rural areas are centered for production of raw materials and labor. Population linkage , this is more considering rural urban migration, due to the fact that many people from rural area migrate to town to find jobs. Due to this nature of migration it can cause issues like over population, criminals like robbery, prostitution, destruction of resources and even labor market problem.

All these linkage can lead to a lot of problems social, political, economic and even cultural problems which are as follows;


Spread of diseases. In many countries of Africa and parts of the world, there is transmission of diseases   like HIV-AIDS. cholera,malaria,typhoid etc due to the interacton of rural people and urban people. Many people from rural go to urban searching for jobs inturns they become jobless due to lack of education so they forced to engage in different illegal activities like prostitution so when they return back in rural they spread those diseases like HIV, even then people from urban go to rural and transmit that diseases. So because of that interaction many diseases transmited to people and people has been affected. Even in their local market when they interact in business issues they spread those diseases for example cholera and AIDS.


Development of industries – Urban industries depends more raw material s from village areas where various crops are cultivated and later used in industries as eaw materials for production to proceed. These materials are transported to urban areas where there are many industries for example raw materials like coffee, cotton.


development of towns - due to the facts that the rural-urban linkage facilitating the development of that areas like cities and small towns in regions like Arusha in Tanzania because of the presence of mining sector which led to people to shift from their homeland to work area, also thing like market in some areas there are market which sold cash crops and led to development of those area. Even industries led to development and further development of towns and even cities.


Expansion of production system - The production sytem goes smoothly because of the rural urban linkage because there are penetration of different things from rural to urban even urban to rural area. Those things include fertilizers from town to villages which have big production area, also farming equipments from urban to rural areas but also raw material from rural to town where there are location of industries for manufacturing of goods.

Also these linkages can led to climatic change especially in urban area, these happen when people are interact in a certain area and increase the population of that area they can cause things like pollution, deforestation in a way of finding area for settlement, destruction of biodiversity, agricultural activities etc which all of these led to increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere hence cause climatic change in a certain area where by the result are more negative than the positive one.

Development of infrastructure and communication system - the economic factors like market and industrial process as well as social relationship between the two area led to development of transport system because the infrastructurers are needed to transport raw material from rural to urban as well as manufactured goods from urban to rural so there are a lot of effort which are done to insure the system is in a good condition to help the development of both rural and urban area.

Development of social services - both rural and urban areas gains more in this aspect. When there is the economic activity done in a certain area that means there must be a lot of people and population must increase as a result, the government must provide social services like school and universities, hospitals, water supply and electricity. This enables those people could get those services in a right time.

Land alienation and land degradation in rural areas, this is occurs in area where by agriculture is done and also mining activities, example area where over cultivation is done soil. People struggle more to farm more hence land erosion and land pollution happens as a result.

Exploitation of rural dwellers in terms of low wages paid to those working in areas at their home land as long as most of them are semiskilled and unskilled labor, also farmers are exploited in their products when selling huge parks at a low price especially in villages. This is partly caused by absence of Unit of measure in most rural areas where business people take advantage of this for buying at low price.

Increasing in the gap between rural and urban areas due to the facts that all industries are located at town and the rural area remain as producer of raw material in such a way that there is poor link between industrial and agriculture sector so this increase the gape where by rural like necessary service like hospital, parliamentary leaders office, governmental office too. In the end they lack the connection between their leader and government hence underdevelopment.

Still governments of various countries have to ensure the is a balance between the beneficiary and ensuring a balance in terms of level of development between cities located in the same






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